Pharmacology
Alprazolam is a triazole-based benzodiazepine with anxiolytic, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant effects. It enhances GABA activity at the GABA-benzodiazepine receptor complex, resulting in reduced neuronal excitability. As with other benzodiazepines, its CNS-depressant effects are dose-dependent and may range from mild sedation to profound central nervous system depression.
Dosage
Treatment usually starts at 0.25–0.5 mg, taken three times daily. Dosage may be increased gradually every 3–4 days if required, without exceeding a typical maximum of 4 mg per day. Some patients with severe panic disorder may require higher doses, which should be accompanied by regular clinical reassessment.
The lowest effective dose should always be used. When discontinuing treatment, dosage must be reduced slowly (generally no more than 0.5 mg every three days) to minimise withdrawal symptoms. Elderly patients or those with liver impairment should begin with 0.25 mg two to three times daily.
Alprazolam 1 mg may be taken once daily (preferably in the morning) for patients transitioning from multiple daily doses. Tablets should be swallowed whole and not crushed or chewed.
Side Effects
Side effects usually appear early in treatment and often lessen with continued use. The most common effects include drowsiness and light-headedness. Other possible side effects may include low mood, headache, confusion, dry mouth, and constipation.
Use in Special Population
The safety and effectiveness of Alprazolam 1 mg have not been established in patients under 18 years of age. Use in this population is therefore not recommended.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Alprazolam is classified as a pregnancy category D medicine and should be avoided during pregnancy due to potential risks to the fetus. It is believed to pass into breast milk; therefore, breastfeeding is not recommended for mothers who require this medication.
Storage Condition
- Store below 30°C.
- Protect from light and moisture.
- Keep out of reach of children.
UK Legal Disclaimer
This information is provided for reference purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Alprazolam 1 mg is a Prescription Only Medicine (POM) in the United Kingdom and must be used strictly as prescribed by a qualified healthcare professional.